Precautions during filtration: - "wash" the filter and sample with deionized water after filtering the sample and before drying the filter.
Colour: Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is a photometer (a device for measuring light intensity) that can measure intensity as a function of the color (or more specifically the wavelength) of light. Important features of spectrophotometers are spectral bandwidth and linear range of absorption measurement.
A titrimetric method is devised to determine the presence of nitrate in water. This method involves the use of a dye known as the azo dye. This dye is the combination of sulfanilamide and N-1 naphthylethylenediamine. The dye is pinkish-red in colour. The end point is reached when the pinkish-red colour turns into yellow. This utilizes the use of hypochlorite. Before the titration begins, nitrate is reduced to nitrite at ph8-9 using cadmium amalgam.
Ultraviolet Determination of Chloride in Water by Flow Injection Analysis
This method uses the hg-EDTA complex as a reagent. This method has a detection limit of 0.2ppm chloride.
The method was used for the determination of chloride in natural waters and potable water supplies. The effects of sample volume, flow rate, coil length, and possible interferences on the FIA spectrophotometric signals were reported.
Determination of phosphate
Hardness: EDTA titrimetric method
Rapid determination of total hardness in water using fluorescent molecular aptamer beacon
COD:Colorimetry or Spectrophotometry
Precautions:
Precaution: needs to be calibrated to read the pH correctly, within the expected pH range of your sample
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